What is this code trying to tell us?

#!/usr/bin/python3
print('---------------------------------------------')
#                        1         2         3
#               123456789012345678901234567890')
a = bytearray(b'Mary had \x263A a little lamb.')
print(a)
for x in a:
    print(f'{x:x} ({chr(x)})', end=', ')
print()
print(f'len={len(a)}')
print()

print('---------------------------------------------')
#               1         2
#      12345678901234567890123')
xxx = 'Mary had   a lttle lamb'
print(f'xxx len = {len(xxx)}')
print()

print('---------------------------------------------')
#               1         2         3
#      123456789012345678901234567890
txt = 'Mary had \u263A a little lamb.'
print(txt)
a = bytearray(txt.encode('utf-8'))
for x in a.decode('utf-8'):
    print(f'{ord(x):x} ({x})', end=', ')
print()
print(f'len={len(txt)}')
print()